Radiology technician part 2
Posted on 21 December 2009 by admin
Home medical radiology is connected with the discovery of radiation that is today known as x-ray radiation or X-rays for them in 1895. described Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. Although at the time came to similar findings in several places, Röentgen about his discovery of the informed public and the scientific name is “X-ray” or “X-ray” particular norm has become.
Today’s radiology except Radiology technician radiation used for diagnostic purposes and ultrasound and radio waves and radio-isotopes.
Methods in diagnostic radiology [edit]
* X-rays (X-ray images)
* Ultrasound examination (UZ)
* Computerized tomography (CT)
* Computerized and positron tomography (PET / CT and SPECT / CT)
* Magnetic resonance imaging (MR) and spectroscopy (MRS)
Responsible negative overtones of the word “nuclear,” nuclear magnetic resonance in medicine called the only magnetic resonance imaging, although the method is based on the same principles and practice differs slightly in the physical foundations of the method. Recorders are very different. Devices in the radiology record core (protons) Hydrogen.
The rapid development of diagnostic Radiology technician experience in the last 15 years of the 20th century to improve the quality of the recordings on all methods that have nothing to do with computers. From 1983 he begins to develop and digitization of conventional radiology, which along with other advantages allows kontrastnost better shots and lower doses of radiation.
At the end of 20th century is rapidly evolving and interventional radiology which include various types of angiography (Fig. blood vessels (arteries or veins) of the body, heart, head, etc.), puncture (needle entry into a space or tissue in the body), drainage (discharge of various space isupnjenih liquid content), setting various aids , pillar (English stent) That the blood vessels and in the lively lines and to other places. Part of the puncture, because of better control and display, and is controlled by ultrasound, CT and MRI’s.
Contrast agents [edit]
Application of contrast means in medical radiology has been present from the very beginning, but the way to secure funds that will provide increased transparency of the shadow or tissue is not finished yet. The main way of getting kontrastnijeg display in radiology has the classical radiation damping by means that include atoms larger sequence number (Z) or greater density.
Thus, contrast agents are distinguished in classical Radiology technician:
* Positive contrast agents – those that increase the density of tissue or a higher density than the surrounding tissue (barijevi and Iodine preparations, etc.).
* Negative contrast agents – those that are less dense than the surrounding tissue (air, gases — oxygen, carbon dioxide, Helium, Xenon). Today in regular use only in the digestive tube tests (eg, air for the colon).
Contrast agents for classical radiology used for interventional procedures as well as for CT. Magnetic resonance imaging uses a different means, different properties and other quantities. Because allergic reactions to devices that contain iodine are not a contraindication for the use of contrast that gives the MR examinations.
Positive contrast agents:
* Insoluble – are applied to show the hollow organs, mainly the digestive system – BaSO4 — barium sulfate. Oil-like products are now thrown out of use except in interventions – embolizacijama.
* Soluble – Compounds containing iodine. Sodium meglumin diatrizoat applied in CT diagnosis with the addition of anise oil (to taste) and the examination of the digestive system when there is a possibility of flooding in the surrounding area (abdominal cavity, prsište etc. The same combination is used (o) and intravenous examinations of the urinary system as well as CT, angiography and interventional procedures. Similar derivatives trijodbenzena rarely used today because of increased osmolarnosti or hidrofilnosti. Today, most products that use less osmolarnosti and very few side effects and allergic reactions (incidence of approximately 1:1 000 000 boelsnika).
Contrast agents for magnetic resonance [edit]
* Paramagnetic contrast agents contain ions gadolinija, Heavy, highly toxic metal in these compounds is completely harmless. These ions accelerate the relaxation of hydrogen protons and visible signal increases we see as a reinforcement signal and the brightness of images shot in the T1 technique (and similar, for example, FLAIR, MR angiography, 3D techniques, etc.). Price is about 10-50 times higher than jodnih contrast for the same amount. Until now (used since the mid 80s of last century) is not recorded allergic reactions. Blaze nuspojeve and symptoms are rare but exist. The early 21st century noted that patients on chronic dialysis (due to kidney failure) can develop nefrogenu fibrous sclerosis (NFS) faster than usual, but require further research. However, today this is the only reported, serious side effects such contrasting means. As the contrasts gadolinijski see (but weakly) on the CT recordings, due to high prices (need about 10-odd times the amount compared with the MR examination) are not used to in CT. Can be given Radiology technician who are allergic to iodine contrast.
* There are also devices that lower signal, and cause shading images because they contain particles of iron oxide and generally rarely used (the price is about 20-100 times higher than gadolinijskih contrast to adequate quantities) and to display limited parenhimskih (liver, etc.) .
Other contrast agents
* In the intensive development of new contrast agents that contain parts of the tissue-specific or tissue changed.
* The first step towards this, the target contrast is achieved by using PET / CT scanner, where the radio isotope used (and possibly normal contrast), and it takes a special device that contains PET / CT and SPECT device. Obtained by recording the computer connects to the gray CT image gives the device a PET / SPECT provides color. Such reviews are now mostly reserved for people affected by novotvorina. Today’s MRI devices also feature a special recording technique that can show tissue in a similar way but with a significantly lower price. Indications are similar, but the application but still rare.
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